Introduction Part, the author briefly outlines the status quo of China legal area on the civil liability for market manipulation, puts forward the problem of this thesis and the urgency and significance of building civil liability for market manipulation in China. 本文的引言部分主要分析了我国法学界关于操纵证券市场行为民事责任问题研究的现状,提出本文主要探讨的问题及建立操纵市场民事责任制度的迫切性和重要性。
Now, the strict liability not only exists in criminal area of the Britain, the United States, Canada and other common law countries, but civil law countries began to recognize the existence of strict liability in criminal law. 目前,严格责任制度不仅广泛存在于英国、美国、加拿大等英美法系国家的刑事领域,而且大陆法系国家也开始逐渐承认刑事严格责任的存在。
For the forced contracting obligation belongs to the area of private law, the legal liability should be studied deeply in civil liability. 基于强制缔约义务属于私法领域的概念,因而对违反强制缔约义务的责任主要应当在私法责任中予以深入研究。
In the view of comparative law, in these countries or area of market manipulation civil liability, causation, subject and object, way of behavior, litigation and other aspects of in-depth, comprehensive discussion and research. 在比较法视角下,对这些国家或地区操纵证券市场行为民事责任的归责原则、因果关系、主体客体、行为方式、诉讼制度等多个方面进行深入的、全面的讨论研究。
There is no logical disorder that the introducing of punitive damages into the area of tort law, especially the field of product liability. 惩罚性赔偿制度引入侵权法,尤其是产品责任并不存在逻辑上的障碍。
As a result, a large number of compulsory insurance are concentrated in the area of liability insurance. 因此,强制保险大量地集中在责任保险领域。
Then the "Food Safety Law" and "Tort Liability Act," established the punitive damages system in the area of product liability, so, China also established the system of punitive damages in the area of tort liability. 迨至《食品安全法》以及《侵权责任法》的颁行,在产品责任领域确立了惩罚性赔偿制度,至此,我国在侵权法领域也确立了惩罚性赔偿制度。